Challenges such as reverse power flow and voltage rise due to distributed generation as well as the integration of electromobility have led to a significantly higher effort in the planning and operation of distribution grids. Sophisticated and comprehensive grid optimization tools are required to perform the associated studies.
Choice of load flow calculation methods including a full AC Newton-Raphson method and a linear DC load flow. Multiple superimposed iteration stages ensure convergence of load flow calculation under all conditions. The load flow calculation can be performed considering the stochastic consumption behavior of loads. Fast DC load flow calculation using a linear system eliminates the need for iterations.
An extensive vendor-specific relay library is available and can be used in steady-state and dynamic simulations. A range of protection functions is supported, including overcurrent time protection, distance protection, differential protection, directional protection, overvoltage and undervoltage protection, overfrequency and underfrequency protection, etc. Graphical representations of protection device characteristics such as overcurrent-time diagrams or diagrams for differential protection are available. Selected protection parameters can be output to tables and exported for further review. Step-by-step execution of short-circuit calculations for simulation of fault clearing and relay behavior is possible.
Step-by-step execution of short-circuit calculations for simulation of fault clearing and relay behavior and selectivity.
The short circuit calculation allows consideration for single and multiple faults. The used short-circuit calculation supports the short-circuit calculation with different representations and calculation methods according to a number of international standards (also according to VDE 0102) as well as the superposition method. Here, the short-circuit calculations determine the occurring short-circuit currents for a specific operating point of the network, without the usual simplifications or assumptions.
The cable calculation offers the possibility for cable dimensioning and cable load capacity calculation. With cable dimensioning, the assigned cable types (according to international standards) can be checked for their suitability. With the cable load capacity calculation, voltage limits, thermal load as well as short circuit load can be simulated. The cable calculation also determines the maximum permissible current of a cable, taking into account various factors such as the conductor temperature, the local environment as well as other cables laid in the vicinity (bundle factor).
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us by phone +49 (0) 2362 - 9977232 or by e-mail to engineering(at)kocos.com.
Transmission grids are undergoing a major transformation. While maintaining their efficiency, they must accommodate an ever-increasing share of volatile and non-regulatable power generation. At the same time, minimizing transmission system costs is required.
Planning and operation of industrial networks are becoming more challenging due to the increased use of power electronics, highly complex automation systems, and dependence on islanding. Faced with these challenges while ensuring continuity of production, power quality, and personnel protection, careful modeling and analysis of industrial electrical networks is paramount.
The more than 30 years of experience of the KoCoS engineering team and the “PowerFactory” grid calculation program from DIgSILENT provide a good basis for successful grid calculations. Based on load flow and short-circuit calculations, questions about voltage drop, protection functions and selectivity can be answered reliably.
